Plastics: Material Database

A full guide of all the different plastics we have tested and the results of our tests.

Introduction

All plastics act differently, with many different melting points, shrink rates, and flow rates to name a few. The Material Database is designed as an information dump for all the tests we have completed so that you can hopefully dive in and get started recycling.

NOTE: THIS PAGE IS IN CONSTANT DEVELOPMENT AND IS INTENDED AS A CONSTANTLY GROWING AND CHANGING DATABASE OF INFORMATION.

DISCLAIMER:
The information provided below is intended solely as a general guide. Please note that all plastics can vary significantly in their properties. It is essential to conduct thorough testing of your specific materials prior to use in any equipment provided by Sustainable Design Studio. Sustainable Design Studio assumes no liability for any damages or issues arising from the use of these materials without proper testing and verification.

How the Database Works

The Sustainable Design Studio material database is built from data collected through a series of controlled tests, ensuring consistency and reliability in our results. Every plastic we test undergoes a specific set of conditions designed to standardize the process and provide comparable results across different materials. These tests are carried out using our in-house equipment and established procedures to ensure the accuracy of each result.

These conditions are as follows:

  • Machine: Sustainable Design Studio – Injection Mini
    We use the Injection Mini machine for all our tests. While this is the machine we have available, our extensive testing has shown that it produces very consistent and repeatable results. This consistency makes it ideal for creating a reliable baseline across different materials.

  • Melt Time: 10 minutes
    The melt time is set to 10 minutes, which we’ve found to be the optimum duration to ensure the plastic reaches a uniform melt state throughout the barrel volume. This allows us to avoid under-processing or over-processing the material, resulting in a more consistent flow during injection.

  • Injection Pressure: 120 psi
    While the exact pressure might vary between machines, for our testing, we maintain a steady pressure of 120 psi using our 10-bar compressor. This pressure setting has been proven to work well with the Injection Mini, offering consistent performance across different plastics.

  • Mould Temperature: 45-55°C
    To maintain consistency during testing, we keep the mould temperature within the range of 45 to 55°C. This temperature range ensures the material cools and sets at a consistent rate, minimizing variations in shrinkage and surface finish.

All the test results are compiled into the material database, which offers a comprehensive collection of raw data and insights from each material we test. Alongside the data, reference photos are included for every test, showing the physical outcome of each material under the set conditions. This combination of numerical data and visual documentation provides a clear picture of how different plastics perform in real-world conditions.

By reviewing this database, users can explore the raw results and photographs for each plastic tested, helping them make informed decisions about material selection based on real, controlled testing.

Nylon/Polyamide 6 with 15% Glass Fiber

Abbreviated Name: PA6-GF15

Average Shrink Rate Range: 0.3 - 1.2%

Average MFI Range (Melt Flow Index): 15 - 30 g/10min

Average Density (g/cm³): 1.25 - 1.40 g/cm³

Flexural Modulus (MPa): 4500 - 6500 MPa

Advantages:

  • High strength and stiffness

  • Excellent resistance to wear and abrasion

  • Enhanced dimensional stability due to glass fiber reinforcement

  • Good heat resistance

  • Low moisture absorption compared to unreinforced PA6

Average Flow Score: 35.1cm

Average Thickness Score: 2.1mm

Shrinkage Rate: No Data

Disadvantages:

  • Higher brittleness compared to standard PA6 due to glass fibers

  • More difficult to process and mold

  • Can be abrasive to tooling and equipment

  • Requires careful control of temperature and pressure during molding


Material Source Tested: Unknown

Material Form Tested: Pellets

Colour: Black

Odor Levels: High

Optimum Melting Temperature: 250c

Flexibility: No Data

Observational Notes:

  • The surface has a fine-gritted texture.

  • The material is very strong, barely flexes and is hard to break.

High Density Polyethylene

Abbreviated Name: HDPE

Average Shrink Rate Range: 1.5 - 3%

Average MFI Range (Melt Flow Index): 0.2 - 20 g/10min (depending on grade)

Average Density (g/cm³): 0.941 - 0.965 g/cm³

Flexural Modulus (MPa): 800 - 1500 MPa

Average Flow Score: 45.6cm

Average Thickness Score: 0.75mm

Shrinkage Rate: No Data

Advantages:

  • Excellent chemical resistance

  • High impact strength

  • Low moisture absorption

  • Good low-temperature performance

  • Lightweight

Disadvantages:

  • Poor UV resistance (unless stabilized)

  • Lower strength compared to other engineering plastics

  • Limited high-temperature performance


Material Source Tested: Film Canisters

Material Form Tested: Granulate

Colour: White

Odor Levels: Very Low

Optimum Melting Temperature: 190c

Flexibility: No Data

Observational Notes:

  • Flows very well when compared to other types of HDPE.

  • Not very much flashing (Struggles at anything less than 1mm)

  • The surface has a slight matt texture.

  • The material feels slightly oily and wax-like when compared to some of the other materials.

Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol

Abbreviated Name: PETG

Average Shrink Rate Range: 0.3 - 0.7%

Average MFI Range (Melt Flow Index): 6 - 22 g/10min

Average Density (g/cm³): 1.27 g/cm³

Flexural Modulus (MPa): 2000 - 2400 MPa

Advantages:

  • High impact resistance

  • Transparent

  • Excellent chemical resistance

  • Easily thermoformed and 3D printed

  • Low shrinkage

Average Flow Score: 74.9cm

Average Thickness Score: 0.6mm

Shrinkage Rate: No Data

Disadvantages:

  • Prone to moisture absorption, requiring drying before processing

  • Can be more brittle compared to other plastics like PP

  • Higher cost compared to standard PET


Material Source Tested: 3D Printer FIlament

Material Form Tested: Test Print

Colour: Transparent Green

Odor Levels: Medium

Optimum Melting Temperature: 240c

Flexibility: No Data

Observational Notes:

  • Remained transparent after injection.

  • Flowed out the nozzle like honey/syrup if the jack wasn’t in place.

  • The material needed to be dried before testing, as a result, bubbles developed and these caused it to overflow out of the barrel when heating.

  • Very brittle and easy to crack/break getting the items out of the mould.

Polypropylene

Abbreviated Name: PP

Average Shrink Rate Range: 1.5 - 2.5%

Average MFI Range (Melt Flow Index): 8 - 20 g/10min

Average Density (g/cm³): 0.905 - 0.92

Flexural Modulus (MPa): 1300 - 1800 MPa

Advantages:

  • High chemical resistance

  • Lightweight

  • Good fatigue resistance

  • Low cost

Average Flow Score: 42.75cm

Average Thickness Score: 1mm

Shrinkage Rate: No Data

Disadvantages:

  • Poor UV resistance

  • Lower impact strength in cold temperatures

  • Difficult to bond with adhesives


Material Source Tested: DVD Cases

Material Form Tested: Granulate

Colour: Black

Odor Levels: Low

Optimum Melting Temperature: 220c

Flexibility: No Data

Observational Notes:

  • The finished surface of the item is very, very smooth, reflects the smooth surface of the mould, and is almost shiny.

  • The plastic drips from the nozzle if not blocked by the jack.

  • The black plastic stays around in the barrel for a long time after switching the material.

Thermoplastic Elastomer

Abbreviated Name: TPE

Average Shrink Rate Range: 1.0 - 3.5%

Average MFI Range (Melt Flow Index): 5 - 25 g/10min

Average Density (g/cm³): 0.88 - 1.15 g/cm³

Flexural Modulus (MPa): 1 - 500 MPa (varies widely based on formulation)

Advantages:

  • Highly flexible and elastic

  • Soft-touch feel

  • Good impact resistance

  • Recyclable and can be re-molded

  • Resistant to many chemicals

Average Flow Score: 84.8cm

Average Thickness Score: 0.5mm (Lowest Score)

Shrinkage Rate: No Data

Disadvantages:

  • Higher cost compared to standard plastics

  • May degrade in extreme temperatures

  • Requires careful processing to avoid deformation

  • Can absorb moisture


Material Source Tested: Unknown

Material Form Tested: Pellets

Colour: Clear/Yellow

Odor Levels: Medium - Slight rubber-like smell.

Optimum Melting Temperature: 250c

Flexibility: No Data

Observational Notes:

  • Strong smell when opening the mould, which also lingers on the product.

  • Very fluid material with lots of flashing if the mould is too warm.

  • White smoke is generated when melting.

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