Plastics: Material Database
A full guide of all the different plastics we have tested and the results of our tests.
DISCLAIMER:
The information provided below is intended solely as a general guide. Please note that all plastics can vary significantly in their properties. It is essential to conduct thorough testing of your specific materials prior to use in any equipment provided by Sustainable Design Studio. Sustainable Design Studio assumes no liability for any damages or issues arising from the use of these materials without proper testing and verification.
How the Database Works
The Sustainable Design Studio material database is built from data collected through a series of controlled tests, ensuring consistency and reliability in our results. Every plastic we test undergoes a specific set of conditions designed to standardize the process and provide comparable results across different materials. These tests are carried out using our in-house equipment and established procedures to ensure the accuracy of each result.
These conditions are as follows:
Machine: Sustainable Design Studio – Injection Mini
We use the Injection Mini machine for all our tests. While this is the machine we have available, our extensive testing has shown that it produces very consistent and repeatable results. This consistency makes it ideal for creating a reliable baseline across different materials.Melt Time: 10 minutes
The melt time is set to 10 minutes, which we’ve found to be the optimum duration to ensure the plastic reaches a uniform melt state throughout the barrel volume. This allows us to avoid under-processing or over-processing the material, resulting in a more consistent flow during injection.Injection Pressure: 120 psi
While the exact pressure might vary between machines, for our testing, we maintain a steady pressure of 120 psi using our 10-bar compressor. This pressure setting has been proven to work well with the Injection Mini, offering consistent performance across different plastics.Mould Temperature: 45-55°C
To maintain consistency during testing, we keep the mould temperature within the range of 45 to 55°C. This temperature range ensures the material cools and sets at a consistent rate, minimizing variations in shrinkage and surface finish.
All the test results are compiled into the material database, which offers a comprehensive collection of raw data and insights from each material we test. Alongside the data, reference photos are included for every test, showing the physical outcome of each material under the set conditions. This combination of numerical data and visual documentation provides a clear picture of how different plastics perform in real-world conditions.
By reviewing this database, users can explore the raw results and photographs for each plastic tested, helping them make informed decisions about material selection based on real, controlled testing.
Nylon/Polyamide 6 with 15% Glass Fiber
Abbreviated Name: PA6-GF15
Average Shrink Rate Range: 0.3 - 1.2%
Average MFI Range (Melt Flow Index): 15 - 30 g/10min
Average Density (g/cm³): 1.25 - 1.40 g/cm³
Flexural Modulus (MPa): 4500 - 6500 MPa
Advantages:
High strength and stiffness
Excellent resistance to wear and abrasion
Enhanced dimensional stability due to glass fiber reinforcement
Good heat resistance
Low moisture absorption compared to unreinforced PA6
Average Flow Score: 35.1cm
Average Thickness Score: 2.1mm
Shrinkage Rate: No Data
Disadvantages:
Higher brittleness compared to standard PA6 due to glass fibers
More difficult to process and mold
Can be abrasive to tooling and equipment
Requires careful control of temperature and pressure during molding
Material Source Tested: Unknown
Material Form Tested: Pellets
Colour: Black
Odor Levels: High
Optimum Melting Temperature: 250c
Flexibility: No Data
Observational Notes:
The surface has a fine-gritted texture.
The material is very strong, barely flexes and is hard to break.
High Density Polyethylene
Abbreviated Name: HDPE
Average Shrink Rate Range: 1.5 - 3%
Average MFI Range (Melt Flow Index): 0.2 - 20 g/10min (depending on grade)
Average Density (g/cm³): 0.941 - 0.965 g/cm³
Flexural Modulus (MPa): 800 - 1500 MPa
Average Flow Score: 45.6cm
Average Thickness Score: 0.75mm
Shrinkage Rate: No Data
Advantages:
Excellent chemical resistance
High impact strength
Low moisture absorption
Good low-temperature performance
Lightweight
Disadvantages:
Poor UV resistance (unless stabilized)
Lower strength compared to other engineering plastics
Limited high-temperature performance
Material Source Tested: Film Canisters
Material Form Tested: Granulate
Colour: White
Odor Levels: Very Low
Optimum Melting Temperature: 190c
Flexibility: No Data
Observational Notes:
Flows very well when compared to other types of HDPE.
Not very much flashing (Struggles at anything less than 1mm)
The surface has a slight matt texture.
The material feels slightly oily and wax-like when compared to some of the other materials.
Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol
Abbreviated Name: PETG
Average Shrink Rate Range: 0.3 - 0.7%
Average MFI Range (Melt Flow Index): 6 - 22 g/10min
Average Density (g/cm³): 1.27 g/cm³
Flexural Modulus (MPa): 2000 - 2400 MPa
Advantages:
High impact resistance
Transparent
Excellent chemical resistance
Easily thermoformed and 3D printed
Low shrinkage
Average Flow Score: 74.9cm
Average Thickness Score: 0.6mm
Shrinkage Rate: No Data
Disadvantages:
Prone to moisture absorption, requiring drying before processing
Can be more brittle compared to other plastics like PP
Higher cost compared to standard PET
Material Source Tested: 3D Printer FIlament
Material Form Tested: Test Print
Colour: Transparent Green
Odor Levels: Medium
Optimum Melting Temperature: 240c
Flexibility: No Data
Observational Notes:
Remained transparent after injection.
Flowed out the nozzle like honey/syrup if the jack wasn’t in place.
The material needed to be dried before testing, as a result, bubbles developed and these caused it to overflow out of the barrel when heating.
Very brittle and easy to crack/break getting the items out of the mould.
Polypropylene
Abbreviated Name: PP
Average Shrink Rate Range: 1.5 - 2.5%
Average MFI Range (Melt Flow Index): 8 - 20 g/10min
Average Density (g/cm³): 0.905 - 0.92
Flexural Modulus (MPa): 1300 - 1800 MPa
Advantages:
High chemical resistance
Lightweight
Good fatigue resistance
Low cost
Average Flow Score: 42.75cm
Average Thickness Score: 1mm
Shrinkage Rate: No Data
Disadvantages:
Poor UV resistance
Lower impact strength in cold temperatures
Difficult to bond with adhesives
Material Source Tested: DVD Cases
Material Form Tested: Granulate
Colour: Black
Odor Levels: Low
Optimum Melting Temperature: 220c
Flexibility: No Data
Observational Notes:
The finished surface of the item is very, very smooth, reflects the smooth surface of the mould, and is almost shiny.
The plastic drips from the nozzle if not blocked by the jack.
The black plastic stays around in the barrel for a long time after switching the material.
Thermoplastic Elastomer
Abbreviated Name: TPE
Average Shrink Rate Range: 1.0 - 3.5%
Average MFI Range (Melt Flow Index): 5 - 25 g/10min
Average Density (g/cm³): 0.88 - 1.15 g/cm³
Flexural Modulus (MPa): 1 - 500 MPa (varies widely based on formulation)
Advantages:
Highly flexible and elastic
Soft-touch feel
Good impact resistance
Recyclable and can be re-molded
Resistant to many chemicals
Average Flow Score: 84.8cm
Average Thickness Score: 0.5mm (Lowest Score)
Shrinkage Rate: No Data
Disadvantages:
Higher cost compared to standard plastics
May degrade in extreme temperatures
Requires careful processing to avoid deformation
Can absorb moisture
Material Source Tested: Unknown
Material Form Tested: Pellets
Colour: Clear/Yellow
Odor Levels: Medium - Slight rubber-like smell.
Optimum Melting Temperature: 250c
Flexibility: No Data
Observational Notes:
Strong smell when opening the mould, which also lingers on the product.
Very fluid material with lots of flashing if the mould is too warm.
White smoke is generated when melting.